Greeting,Introducting, leave taking

EXPRESSION

• Greeting, Introduction, and Leave Taking

Greeting (Ungkapan Salam)

Biasanya setelah mengucapkan salam, kita mengiringi dengan bertanya tentang kabar orang yang disapa. Di bawah ini beberapa ungkapan salam yang digunakan dan ungkapan untuk menanyakan / menjawab kondisi seseorang.

Informal	Neural	Formal
Hello my friend, how are you? Hi, everybody! Hi guys, are you oke?	Good morning sir, How are you to day? Good afternoon, nice to see you.	How do you do? Good afternoon, Sir?

• Introducing(Perkenalan).

Di bawah ini adalah beberapa ungkapan – ungkapan untuk memperkenalkan diri.

Informal	Neutral	Formal
Hello, I am Ryan I am Fachi, how do you do Ryan?	Excuse me, I am Vito. I am Rika, How do you do Vito?	May introduce myself, I am Rangga, Sales Mananger Handicraft Company. My name is Lusi. I am delighted to meet you mr. Iwan.

• Leave taking

Biasanya untuk menutup percakapan kita menggunakan ungkapan – ungkapan sebagai berikut:

Informal	Neutral	Formal
Bye… bye… Cherio See you	- See you tomorrow - See you later - See you soon	- Nice to meet you - See you later - How do you do

Perhatikan contoh dan pembahasan berikut!

Indah : “Hello, Hes. How are you?”

Hesti : “Hi, I am fine. How about you?”

Indah : “ I am very well, thanks. I have something to tell you.”

Hesty : “What is it?”

Indah : “I plan to have small party next weekend. Would you like to join us?”

Hesty : “Sure, I will be there.”

Indah : O.K,see you next weekend.”

Hesty :”See you”

Kalimat – kalimat yang dicetak tebal pada contoh di atas adalah contoh ungkapan greeting dan parting.

Kalimat geeeting digunakan pada saat kita bertemu dengan seseorang dan ungkapan parting digunakan pada saat berpisah dengan seseorang.

• Study the following expression!

-        Good morning          : between 12:00 am – 12:00 pm

-        Good afternoon        : between 12:00 pm – 06:00 pm

-        Good evening           : after work or 06:00 pm

-        Good night                : separating to sleep

-        Hi                                : anytime address to equals

-        Hello                          : anytime address to equals or older people

-        Good bye

-        See you tomorrow

-        See you later have a nice day

Descriptive Texts

The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text has structure as below:

§  Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.

§  Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

The Language Feature of Descriptive Text

§  Focus on specific participants.

§  Using adjective.

§  Using adverb

§  Using simple present tense

Examples and structures of the text

MacQuarie University
Identification	Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40thanniversary.
Description	The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university.Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect. One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts. Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.

Exercise I

Name ___________________

Date____________________

Directions: Read the paragraph and answer the questions.

America's 78 million credit cardholders carried an average balance of $7,564 last year. The cost in interest and fees amounted to more than $1,000 for the typical budget. If you just said, "Budget - what budget?," you know what I mean. Truth is, most of us go on spending sprees from time to time.

But, when power shopping creates the illusion of success, even as debts spiral out of control, it has become a weakness. Some obvious signs that spending is out of control include making minimum payments on your credit cards, late fees, bounced checks, lack of a budget and loss of sleep over money worries.

Answer the question using the information form the paragraph. Give evidence if needed.

1. How many people in America have credit cards? On the average how much do they put on their cards?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Why does the author seem to think we go on big shopping sprees?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. What indicates you may be shopping more than you should?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you feel as if the author may feel that shopping is bad for our health? Explain.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. Why did Terry's mom give Terry two ice cream sandwiches?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

6. Counting all of the credit card holders in America, how much do Americans spend just on interest?

_______________________________________________________________________________

______ _________________________________________________________________________

Formula Passive Voice

Formula Passive Voice

Rumus Umum : TO BE + V3

1.       Simple Present Tense

Aktif : S + do/does + not + V1

Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O

Contoh:

Aktif : She doesn't write the book

Pasif : The book isn't written by her

Aktif : I don't wash the car

Pasif : The car isn't washed by me

2.       Present Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + to be (am, are, is) +  not + V1-ing

Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She isn't reading the book

Pasif : The book isn't being read by her

3.       Present Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + have/has + not + V3 + O

Pasif : S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She hasn't written the book

Pasif : The book hasn't been written by her

Aktif : I haven't written the book

Pasif : The book hasn't been written by me

4.       Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + have/has + not + been + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She hasn't been reading the book

Pasif : The book hasn't been being read by her

Aktif : I haven't been washing the car

Pasif : The car hasn't been being washed by me

5.       Simple Past Tense

Aktif : S + did + not + V1

Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She didn't write a letter

Pasif : A letter wasn't written by her

6.       Past Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + to be (was, were) + not + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + not + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She wasn't washing the car

Pasif : The car wasn't being washed by her

7.       Past Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + had + not + V3 + O

Pasif : S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She hadn't washed the car

Pasif : The car hadn't been washed by her

8.       Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + had + not + been + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + had + not + been + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh:

Aktif : She hadn't been washing the car

Pasif : The car hadn't been being washed  by her

9.       Simple Future Tense

Aktif : S + will + not + V1 + O

Pasif : S + will + not + be + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She won't wash the car

Pasif : The car won't be washed by her

10.   Future Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + will + not + be + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + will + not + be + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She won'tl be washing the car

Pasif : The car won't be being washed by her

11.   Future Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + will + not + have + V3 + O

Pasif : S + will + not + have + been + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She won't have washed the car

Pasif : The car won't have been washed by her

12.   Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + will + not + have + been + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + will + not + have + been + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She won't have been washing the car

Pasif : The car won't have been being washed by her

13.   Si mple Future Past Tense

Aktif : S + would +not +  V1

Pasif : S + would + not + be + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She wouldn't wash the car

Pasif : The car wouldn't be washed by her

14.   Future Past Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + would + not + be + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + would + not + be + being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She wouldn't be washing the car

Pasif : The car wouldn't be being washed by her

15.   Future Past Perfect Tense

Aktif : S + would + not + have + V3 + O

Pasif : S + would + not + have + been + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She wouldn't have washed the car

Pasif : The car wouldn't have been washed by her

16.   Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif : S + would + not + have + been + V1-ing + O

Pasif : S + would + not + have + been +being + V3 + by + O

Contoh :

Aktif : She wouldn't have been washing the car

Pasif : The car wouldn't have been being washed by her

Exercise Reading

     Read the text and choose the correct answer for every question below.

Questions 1-5  are based on the manual below.

                  New York (City), the largest city in the United State, the home of the united nations, and the center of global finance, communications, and business. New York City is unusual among cities because of its high residential density, its  extraordinary diverse population, its hundreds of tall office and apartment buildings, its thriving central business district, its extensive public transportation system, and its more than 400 distinct neighborhoods. The city’s concert house, museums, galleries, and theaters constitute an ensemble of cultural richness rivaled by few cities. In 2000 the population of the city of New York was 8,008,278; the population of the metropolitan region was 21,199,865. New York City consist of five boroughs they are Queens, Brooklyn, Staten Island, The Bronx, and Manhattan.

                  There are so many attractive places in the city. One of its most popular landmarks is the statue of Liberty. It is a symbol of freedom for many, was one of the first sights to welcome immigrants arriving in the United States. The statue stands 93 m (305 ft) tall on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. It was designed by French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi and is a gift from France commemorating the first centennial of U.S. independence from Britain.

                  New York’s 250 museums cater to every taste . It has museums in such fields as natural history, broadcasting, fire-fighting, crafts , and ethnic cultures. As the word’s greatest art center, New York City has more than 400 galleries and is a mecca for artist, art dealers, and collections. Madison Avenue between 57^th and 86^th Street is the most important locale for galleries, but of others are located in So Ho (South Of Houston Street) and adjoining Neighborhoods.

                  New York also has a famous botanical garden. It is called Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 21 hectare (52 acre) botanic garden, located in the borough of Brooklyn, in New York City. The garden includes such attractions as the Children’s Garden, the first of its kind in the world.

Taken from : Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007. 1993-2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rigts reserved.

1.    What is the about ?

         a. Washington D.C.

         b. The statue of liberty

         c. New York boroughs

         d. New York City

2.    The following is true about New York , Except …

         a. it have a botanical garden

         b. it this the home of the statue of Liberty

         c. it has 250 museums

         d. it consists of four boroughs

3.    Where is the statue of Liberty located?

         a. Liberty Island

         b. Brooklyn

         c. So Ho

         d. Manhattan

4.    What does the word commemorating in the second paragraph means?

         a. Acknowledgement

         b. Ignore

         c. memorize

         d. memorializing

5.    What does the word “it” in the last paragraph refers to?

         a. New York

         b. Brooklyn

         c. Children’s garden

         d. Botanical garden

Questions 6-10 are based on the following text.

The Jackal Who Saved The Lion

                  Once upon a time, there lived a lion in a forest. One day, when he went to drink water in a river, one of his feet got stuck into the damp mushy mud of the river. He tried a lot of to get out of the mud, but didn’t achieve. He had ti lie without food for days because he didn’t find any help. On one fortunate day, a kind Jackal came to drink water from the river. When he saw the lion, he went closer to the lion said , “What is the matter? Why are you resting here?”

                  The lion narrated him the pathetic story. The Jackal instantly made a way out from the sand but the lion was unable to move his feet. As he was set in the same posture for last several days, his body became stiff. The Jackal understood the condition f the Lion and helped him to get out of the mud with an extra effort. The lion was really thankful to Jackal for his kind help. He was very happy to get free after so many days.

                  The Lion appreciated the effort made by the Jackal. He offered the Jackal to live close to him and also promised to give food the lion whenever he caught food. The Jackal accepted the offer and started living with the lion, Thus, they lived happily sharing the food. With the passing time, they expanded their families. The Lion had cubs and the Jackal had kid jackals. Both, the lion and the Jackal were passing their days happily. They didn’t have any idea that their friendship was not liked by their families.

                  One day after a long time, the lioness, lady of lion’s house, told her cubs that she didn’t like the amity between the Jackal and her husband. The cubs passed the message to the kid jackals. The kids complained the matter to the lady Jackal. The lady Jackal passed the complaint to her husband.

                  The Jackal went to the Lion and asked, “I helped you without any thought in return. You had asked me to live with you, so I started living with you. Now, if you don’t want me to live with you, you should have told me yourself. What did you involve your wife and cubs to convey this?”. The Lion was shocked to hear such words. He said, “My dear Friend, what are you saying? I don’t any problem with you or your friendship”. He assured the Jackal that he had no such ill-feelings for the friendship between them.

                  The Lion also assured for that he would talk to talk to the lioness and solve the whole matter. The jackal was intelligent and understood the situation. He said to the lion, “I know you are sincere, but our families could not exactly respond the same level of the friendship. So, let us stay apart and meet often as friends. We could also hunt together. It would be better, if our families  stay apart”. The lion agreed to the proposal with a heavy heart.

                  The two families parted from each other as friends. The Jackal and the Lion continued to share the friendship. They often met each other and hunt together. Thus, the two friends shared a healthy friendship throughout their life.

Taken from : www.culturalindia.net

6.    What is the stories about?

         a. The friendship between the Lion and the Jackal family

         b. The rivalry between the Lion and the Jackal

         c. The evilness of the Lioness

         d. The friendship between a Lion and the Jackal

7.    Who are the main characters of the story?

         a. The Lion’s family and the Jackal’s family

         b. The Lion and the Jackal

         c. The Lioness and the Lady Jackal

         d. The Lion cubs and the Jackal kids

8.    What does the Lion do it return of the Jackal’s help?

         a. He told the Jackal to always hunt with him

         b. He told the Jackal to live with him it in his house

         c. He told the Jackal to live with near the Lion and give him food

         d. He gave him home

9.    What did the lioness fells of the Lion’s and the Jackal’s friendship?

         a. She was not pleased

         b. She was pleased

         c. She was delighted

         d. She was happy about it

10.    From whom did the Jackal heard that the lion’s family doesn’t like the friendship between them?

         a. The Lion

         b. The Lion cubs

         c. The kid Jackals

         d. The Lady Jackal